Human sexuality Essay

She was barely eight years old when together with seven of her age mates ,she was handed over to a traditional circumciser who took them through the painful process of FGM. it has been many years since ,and she has accomplished so much in life, but the incident remains fresh in her mind. The old woman who took them through the process was going blind, she says, and three of the eight who underwent the procedure died due to excessive bleeding. One of them was her very close friend. Luckily for her, the bleeding was not too much and she had a savior at hand. Her father, who was a policeman, took her to a hospital in Garissa using a police land rover. This was the traumatizing experience that nominated Member of Parliament, Sophia Abdi Noor went through when her mother blessed her to undergo the rite of passage that would cleanse her and make her acceptable for marriage according to tradition. Never before in history of the august house had a member used her own life experience to move debate as Ms.  Sophia did when supporting the bill to outlaw female genital mutilation. Female genital mutilation is the term used for operations or removal of all or just part of the external parts of female genitilia. This practice has for a long time come under increasingly intense international scrutiny from the news media, feminist and human rights organizations. The main reasons for continuation of FGM are firstly, as a rite of passage from girlhood to womanhood; a circumcised woman is considered mature, obedient and aware of her role in the family and society. Secondly, FGM is perpetuated as a means of reducing sexual desire of girls and women, thereby curbing sexual activity before and ensuring fidelity within marriage. Although opposition to female ‘circumcision’ has been articulated throughout the twentieth century, starting with missionaries and colonial administrators, the current resurgence of indignation was ignited in part by activists at conferences honoring the United Nations Decade for women(1975-1985). (Shell-Duncan. B,Hernland-Y;pg 23) The practice of circumcising women has very deep roots that touch all aspects of the cultures that continue to inflict it upon their girls. However,it still remains to be a practice that violates the human rights of affected women in a moral and ethical sense because it generates psychological torture, low self-esteem, tampers with a woman’s sexuality and is a health hazard. Psychological torture The pain inflicted by F. G. M does not stop with the initial procedure, but often continues as an ongoing torture throughout a woman’s life. Intense pain and hemorrhage experienced during the procedure can lead to shock. A 1985 Kenyan study found that nearly 97% of the 269 women interviewed experienced intense pain during and after F. G.  M and more than 13% went into shock. According to WHO, It is self-evident that any form of surgical interference in the highly sensitive genital organs constitutes a serious threat to the woman, and that the painful operation is a source of major physical as well as psychological trauma. The extent and nature of the immediate and long-term mental disturbances will depend on the girl’s inner defences, the prevailing psychological environment, and a host of other factors. The family no doubt does its best to mitigate the painful effects of the operation; nonetheless, they necessarily undergo overwhelming experiences. Even before the operation, the threat of ‘cutting’ and fear provoking situation may disturb the mental state of the child to the degree that it causes worry, anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares or panic. As anticipating precautions against these anxieties the family commonly uses various forms of traditional magi co-religious practice such as fumigation, or the wearing of amulets. On a religious perspective, the scripture prescribes that special efforts be made to care for those who are most vulnerable. (Deut 10:17-19,Ps 82:3,4; Ps24:11,12;Luke 1:52-54) Jesus taught that children should be loved and protected. Therefore,the genital mutilation of young girls violates the biblical mandate to safeguard children and protect them from harm and abuse Tampers with a woman’s sexuality. Sexual intercourse can only take place after opening the infibulation, through surgery or penetrative sexual intercourse. Consequently, intercourse is frequently painful during the first weeks after initiation. Although it is difficult to verify reports or women’s sexual experiences, physical complications from FGM often impede sexual enjoyment. FGM destroys much or all of the vulva nerve endings, delaying arousal or impairing orgasm. Lacerations loss of skin elasticity, or development of neuron (a tumor or mass growing from a nerve) can lead to painful intercourse. In a 1993 Kenyan study, 5% of women interviewed experienced painful intercourse while 9. 3% of them reported having difficult or impossible penetration, and that many of the married ones only accepted it only as a duty. Scripture celebrates the divinely ordained gift of sexual intimacy within marriage (Eccl9. 9;Prov 5:18,19). The practice of female genital mutilation should be renounced because it threatens the creator’s design for the experience of joyful sexuality by married couples. For married couples, the gift of sexual union may be further blessed by the birth of children (Prov 31:28). The fact that successful childbirth is threatened by FGM is additional grounds for opposition to this practice. Health hazard. In October 1994, as a response to the call to Global Action,UNICEF issued an executive directive declaring that FGM is a health hazard to children and violation of their human rights. FGM in any form should not be practiced by health professionals in any setting including hospitals or other health establishments. Unnecessary oddly mutilation cannot be condoned by health providers. FGM is harmful to the health of women and girls and violates their basic human rights and medicalization of the procedure does not eliminate this harm. On the contrary, it reinforces the continuation of the practice by seeming to legitimize it. Health practitioners should provide all necessary care and counseling for complications that may arise as a result. Group circumcision, where the same unsterilized instrument is used on several girls at a time, repeat cutting and stitching increases risk of HIV infection. The Bible presents the goodness of God’s creation, including the creation of human beings (Gen 1:31; Ps 139:13, 14). God is the source and sustainer of human life (Job 33:4; john 1:3, 4). He calls for preservation of human life and holds humanity accountable for its destruction(Gen 9:5,6;Ex20:13,Jer 7:3-34). The human body is the â€Å"the temple of the Holy Spirit,† and followers of God are urged to care for and preserve their bodies, including the Creator’s gift of sexuality, as a spiritual responsibility (1cor6:15-19). Because FGM is harmful to health, threatening to life, and injurious to sexual function, it is incompatible with the will of God. Having discussed the side effects that FGM pauses to victims, various communities have come up with measures to fight this procedure, an alternative rite of passage in the abandonment of FGM is used. It involves a four-step procedure Preparation Seminars for both parents and initiates are encouraged. The topics will include side effects of female circumcision, and get prepared to attend a residential seminar to elaborate on what the alternative procedure entails. Actual Circumcision In the alternative Rite of passage, actual circumcision should be stopped since we have learnt that it is not necessary to make a woman an adult nor mature. The side effects of F. C both short and long terms are to be avoided if actual circumcision is not performed. Parents can select a teacher and trainer, for their daughter who will accompany her to the residential centre for an alternative rite of passage seminar. Seclusion. For this the girls will attend a residential seminar for one week away from home. The initiate will be accompanied with their teacher and trainer. Women both circumcised and un circumcised from the community will facilitate during the seminar. Additional topics-AIDS, STI’s, simple hygiene and great women in the Bible, in community and in Kenya. Rites and rituals will be optional. Girls of circumcision age are between six and twelve years old. For the purpose of effective learning, the girls will be divided into two groups; girls between six and nine, ten and twelve. Graduation Graduation is expected to be brief and colourful. Songs, drama, plays and poems will be encouraged. Parents, community leaders, politicians and government officials will be invited to attend to witness the graduation of whole girls. Certificates of graduation will be awarded and prayers, blessings conducted. Exchange of gifts for newly graduated girls will be carried out and finally the graduates will be handed over to the community,chief,church elders and clan elders. Since it’s an annual event, committees are to b e established to plan for the following year.

Increasing Number of Juvenile Delinquents Essay

There are an increasing number of juvenile delinquents. What are the causes of this phenomenon? The incidence of juvenile offenses is growing at an alarming rate; and the severity of these offenses has been consistently staggering to us adults. It is imperative that we pinpoint the causes of this phenomenon. Many instance of juvenile delinquency have been attributed to the violent or the pornographic content of some TV shows and video games. These days, we are confronted with a proliferation of blood and nudity on TV, the computer and the internet. As a consequence, many youngsters, especially teenage boys, get addicted to such scenes. Lacking the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong, they develop criminal tendencies. Another contributing factor is the rampant parental neglect and domestic violence. Todayï ¼Å'there have been an ever-growing number of dysfunctional families. In general, the children raised in such families are far more likely to be afflicted with constant fear and anxiety. Eventually, they develop a hatred for the individuals and society as a whole. Additional, the increase of juvenile crime rate is symbiotically connected with the rise of adult crime rate in society, in other words, the more adult crimes, the higher the probability of youngsters falling prey to adult offenders. For instance, many youths are tempted by evil adults into committing crimes, whereas others who are victims of adult offenses may become criminals themselves to get their revenge on society. In sum, a variety of factors contribute to the surge of juvenile delinquency. It is crucial that we take stringent measures to tackle these problems immediately and ensure that the future of our nations –that is, the youngsters, have a more promising future ahead of them.

Quality Control and Nissan

Milennia Atlantic University Operations Management Juan Hernandez Adriana Rosales NISSAN Introduction Nissan was the sixth largest automaker in the world behind  General Motors,  Volkswagen Group,  Toyota,  Hyundai Motor Group, and  Ford  in 2011. It formerly marketed vehicles under the â€Å"Datsun† brand name. As of 2011, the company's global headquarters is located in  Nishi-ku, Yokohama. In 1999, Nissan entered a two way alliance with  Renault S. A. of France, which owns 43. 4% of Nissan while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares, as of 2008.Along with its normal range of models, Nissan also produces a range of luxury models branded as  Infiniti. Jidosha-Seizo Kabushiki-Kaisha had been established in December 1933. The company's new name, adopted in June 1934, was an abbreviation for Nippon Sangyo, a â€Å"zaibatsu†Ã‚  (or holding company) belonging to Tobata's founder, Yoshisuke Aikawa. Nissan produced its first Datsun (a descendant of the Dat Car, a small, boxy passenger vehicle designed by Japanese automotive pioneer Masujiro Hashimoto that was first produced in 1914) at its Yokohama plant in April 1935. The company began exporting cars to Australia that same year.Beginning in 1938 and lasting throughout  World War II, Nissan converted entirely from producing small passenger cars to producing trucks and military vehicles. Allied occupation forces seized much of Nissan's production operations in 1945 and didn't return full control to Nissan until a decade later. In 1960, Nissan became the first Japanese automaker to win the Deming Prize for engineering excellence. New Datsun models like the Bluebird (1959), the Cedric (1960) and the Sunny (1966) helped spur Nissan sales in Japan and abroad, and the company experienced phenomenal growth over the course of the  1960s.Nissan has a broad variety of teams focused on building strategies for almost every aspect of Operations Management study, this research shows once more the ou tstanding performance of this company on every aspect of its management. Product and Services 1. Automotive Components Business. Supplies domestic Nissan plants and affiliated component makers with parts and materials from overseas and also exports components to Nissan's overseas facilities. From product development to final delivery, the business' diverse management capabilities enable it to provide invaluable support to the range of clients it proudly serves.The more the global sourcing of automotive components progresses, the more important the logistics efficiency becomes. Nissan’s branches and affiliated companies spread worldwide have warehouses which store inventory of auto parts in order to drastically shorten the lead-time of logistics, as if the foreign parts were purchased domestically, and they have solutions that will fit customer' various needs including emergency orders by utilizing their production control system and know-how as to how to supply the vehicle pr oduction lines with the minimum inventory. . Machinery Business. Nissan’s machinery business is focused on improving domestic, export, import and intermediary trade to meet customer needs and increasing global demand, while continuing to strengthen the relationship with customers and partners. This involves a wide range of categories, such as various kinds of machinery facility, tooling die, plant exportation, MRO (maintenance, repair & operations) parts, jig fixtures, pallets, cutting tools and various consumer goods for automotive distributors.The services offered by Nissan provide a high level of support, including planning support for all kinds of production, optimum purchase in the most suitable country, export & import, delivery & installation, full-turn key services up to the commencement of production and supply spare parts, etc. 3. Chemicals Business. This business handles a diverse range of products including organic and inorganic chemicals, petrochemicals, high per formance and new materials and alloys for the aerospace industry, tailored to customer requirements through sales consultations and customized proposals.In addition, Chemical Business endeavors to develop and supply materials that meet the individual specifications of customers. In addition to dealing with raw materials for resin components used in automobiles, such as general purpose resin, engineering plastic, coatings, adhesives and automotive chemicals, raw materials and seats, instrument panels, leather for door trims, and fabrics are also sold. The purchasing and selling of resin cast components, etc. s done globally. The company is also involved in resin colorization and the outsourcing of logistics alongside our existing business of buying and selling raw and prepared materials. We have gained high marks both from our distributors and suppliers that manufacture the materials for both manufacturing functions and stock logistics. Not only do we focus on expanding domestically, but also on expanding into the global market.Nissan is strongly committed towards environmental conservation by recycling resin components, such as automobile bumpers, and associating its business operation with vendors that also recycle resin. In recent years, Nissan has expanded towards third-country trading with the aim of building a framework that will offer the best materials and prices globally in order to streamline the buying and selling of materials through global SCM, along with the manufacturing of products. 4.Energy and Materials Business. Since the company was established in 1979, it has been involved with the buying and selling of various fuels and lubricants for vessels. In addition to the components that Nissan Trading currently supplies for vessels to various regions of the world, our company has expanded to supplying fuel and lubricants to the key industries that began with Nissan Motor, offering retail services such as gas cards, as well as importing and exportin g various materials for automobiles.The company has also taken steps towards environmental conservation during automobile production by handling biomass fuel. The energy and materials business supports distribution and manufacturing industries through the supply of fuel to factories in Japan and to cargo ships and tankers at major ports worldwide. Also manages a gasoline card system that allows the purchase fuel and have the cost deducted from their monthly salary. Materials such as coke and raw iron are sold to Nissan Motors, foundries and manufacturers of precious metals, etc.In order to collectively increase the corporate awareness of environmental conservation and promote the importance of recycling, they reuse scrap generated from the manufacturing of automobiles and reuse precious metals that are extracted from production waste resulting from the manufacture of stainless steel. 5. Steel Business. Established in 1981 with the aim of providing steel and steel products necessary for automotive production by Nissan Motor, steel business started by delivering steel sheets to Nissan Motor's Kyushu Plant and Nissan's? omponent suppliers. Currently, their main steel operation is to supply steel sheets to all of Nissan's? domestic plants. At Kyushu area, they operate advanced SCM to support our customers through our logistics company. Their overseas business started in 1988 by exporting steel from Japan to Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK). Nowadays, these operations cover many countries where Nissan has plants and these plants are served through imports, exports and third-country trading.Through offering a wide variety of materials besides steel sheets, such as special steel alloy for engine components, steel bars, steel pipes, and aluminum sheet essential for light-weight cars, a vast amount of expertise in materials procurements has been accumulated. Nissan is also taking an important role to provide experimental steel materials for new development of cars. Niss an Trading's steel businesses will continue to grow and progress to meet rising demand from Nissan Motor's global expansion. 6. Vehicles Group.The vehicle group is expanding the sales of Nissan vehicles in South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and the rest of the world. The group also imports vehicles and accessories and oversees the shipment of non-Japanese-made vehicles to other countries. The Vehicles Group began its operation in 1978 with the purpose of supporting Nissan Motor’s export businesses. Based on unique experience and expertise, Nissan is now providing solution to the vehicles demand of the United Nations and taking care at the same time of marketing and sales to certain individual countries in Asia, Oceania and Africa.For all these customers, their service is not limited to just selling cars, but providing marketing, logistic and financial solution as well. This function is unique but established as an integral part of Nissan Motor’s overseas operatio n. 7. Non-Ferrous Metals Business. This business handles both Light and Precious Metals. With Light Metal operation, it strives to offer a steady supply of materials to customers, such as aluminum bullion for raw materials, aluminum alloy bullion, aluminum base metal, including aluminum scrap to Nissan Motor, aluminum component manufacturers and aluminum alloy manufacturers within its global network.In an increasingly demanding market, Nissan offers more fuel-efficient automobiles with the help of miniaturization and improved reusability of aluminum. The Precious Metals operation also imports precious metals at an optimal price domestically and internationally, and then offers a steady supply of these materials, such as platinum, palladium and rhodium, in response to the growing demand for automobile catalysts brought upon legislation that continues to tighten vehicle emissions. Aluminum alloys are increasingly gaining importance in vehicle manufacturing.This business supplies these products in the form of panels, rods and ingots, and also handles a variety of precious metal. The automotive industry is making greater efforts to use and recycle these metals and other raw materials, reflecting the community’s concern for the world’s limited resources. As the trend of ? â€Å"Producing Eco-Friendly Vehicles† Vehicles? h continues to gain momentum worldwide, the role of our Precious Metals operation will continue to grow in importance. Design and product development processNissan uses an automatic cutting machine. With the better accuracy afforded by evolving CAD systems, data reproduction once done entirely by hand was automated using this machine. A machine for automated measurement of vehicles is also used. In this way, the conventional clay model-based designing formerly used by Nissan has now shifted to digital data-centered design development. Usually, design development is done three to four years prior to the launch, so it is difficult as designers need to forecast the future social trends and customer needs.Recently, the study and design of Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) based on ergonomics (the study of how a workplace or equipment can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficiency and productivity) is a well-established practice for this company. Nissan has been actively researching human-vehicle interfaces since the 1990s. Watanabe, for example, handled instrument panel design for the Infiniti J30 (Leopard J-Ferry), Laurel and Cefiro, and proposed applying â€Å"universal design† in concept cars in the late '90s.Over the past decade, the concept of â€Å"universal design† has come into general parlance for products that are easy for anyone to use, regardless of physical limitations. Nissan took the universal-design concept a step further in 2005, embracing the concept of â€Å"Interaction Design† so that customers will feel that every part of a car works smoothly and attractively. And w hile creating HMIs is usually Research and Development territory, at Nissan it's a priority of the Design Department as well. The involvement of both the Design and R;D Divisions in developing universal design is unique to Nissan. Interaction Design,† can be divided into three areas: – Interfaces: Instruments and graphical user interfaces, like navigation systems, door handles, switches, lighting, etc. – Interior colors and materials – Perceived quality: Individual part textures, joints between parts, etc. The R&D and Design departments pay close attention to these factors in the design of every Nissan vehicle. In 2005, Nissan started a project to create revolutionary car interiors that are easier to use, l leading to the BUI (Best Usability Interior) concept car.Furthermore, in the development stage, Nissan designs their products to avoid using environmentally harmful substances in their construction and make them easier to recycle. Additionally, to reduc e the use of nonrenewable resources, they give consideration to the use of recycled plastics, other recycled materials, and renewable bio-materials. However, Nissan is also examining the possibility of recycling plastic parts from end-of-life products and using this material for new products, searching for ways to overcome the technical challenge of maintaining quality.At the present moment digital data is now mainly used in design development and the role of the clay model is to verify the data. However, no matter how advanced the digital technology, such as virtual reality, may be in the future, cars will continue to be used in the real world. It will not change. Digital data is reproduced three-dimensionally and designers and modelers form attractive shapes and designs with their senses of eyes and hands. Human sensibility continues to be essential to producing emotional designs. Competitive PrioritiesIn operations management one of the most important aspects when evaluating a bu siness strategy or the productivity of a business process are the competitive priorities of the company. In 1984 Hayes and Wheelwright suggested that companies compete in the marketplace by virtue of cost, quality, flexibility, and lead-time (Institute for manufacturing. University of Cambridge). Cost: Some of the aspects that are involved in this classification are:  · Manufacturing cost.  · Value added.  · Selling price. Running cost – cost of keeping the product running.  · Service cost – cost of servicing the product.  · Profit. Nissan approach cost control in Japan utilizing target costing principles that shares some of the elements of just such a strategic approach, but its transplant operations create distinctive problems for cost control. To explain briefly this point we can quote Nissan Motor Company U. K, which was case in study by Chris Carr and Julia Ng about â€Å"Total cost control: Nissan and its U. K supplier partnerships†.This case, in order to analyze the major capital budgeting decisions, the Director of the U. K Finance clarified that Nissan likewise emphasized â€Å"strategic rather than economic factors†, and that this had also been the case in the parent company’s original decision to invest in the U. K. The following chart show how Nissan Motor Manufacturing U. K controlling their costs from the raw material is gotten. Mission and Strategy The mission of Nissan Motor Company to enrich lives with measurable value begins with a Customer Promise that guides employee actions and decisions.Nissan provides unique and innovative automotive products and services that deliver superior measurable values to all stakeholders* in alliance with Renault. Nissan Power 88 identifies six strategies as levers we will use to achieve results according to plan. Pillar 1: Brand power To strengthen Nissan's brand power, we will expand our strengths in engineering and production to the sales, marketing and ownership experience. We will also raise the level of interaction with our customers to create a orld-class standard of service that will help us build lasting relationships with every Nissan and Infiniti vehicle customer. We recognize that having a stronger brand will help close gaps with our top competitors in every measurable area, from revenue generation to overall opinion and purchase intention. Pillar 2: Sales power Sales power in the mid-term plan refers to fully grasping the needs of customers in each market and drastically raising sales volume and market share. Nissan currently has 6,000 major points of sales globally. We will expand our retail network to 7,500 outlets in the mid-term plan period.Nissan is now the leading Japanese brand in China, Russia and Mexico and is on track to become the largest volume Asian brand in Europe by fiscal 2016. We are focusing our efforts to boost sales power in Japan and the United States, as well as in the ASEAN region. Pillar 3: Enhancing quality Nissan aims to make steady progress in improving product quality. During Nissan Power 88, our aim is to raise Nissan into the top group of global automakers in product quality and to elevate Infiniti to leadership status among peer luxury products by fiscal 2016. Pillar 4: Zero-emission leadershipNo other global automaker is as engaged in comprehensive activities to advance the entire system needed to make sustainable mobility a reality. Nissan is taking a leadership role in every aspect, from the development of batteries, chargers and a vehicle lineup to electric grid studies, battery recycling and the use of batteries for energy storage. In 2011, Nissan will take the lead as the all-time volume leader in dedicated electric vehicle sales. The Renault-Nissan Alliance is bringing seven more all-electric models to follow the successful launch of the Nissan LEAF. TheAlliance intends to put 1. 5 million electric vehicles on roads worldwide by 2016. Nissan's emphasis on sustainable mobi lity also encompasses the range of low-carbon and lowemission technologies that support PURE DRIVE. For example, our proprietary hybrid technology will be tailored to future Nissan and Infiniti models, and our next-generation Xtronic Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) will increase fuel efficiency in future Nissan vehicles and maintain our status as the global leader in CVT technology. Pillar 5: Business expansion In 1999, Nissan's global market share was 4. %. In 2010, Nissan achieved a record 5. 8%. For fiscal 2016, we are targeting a global share of 8%, supported by a steady tempo of a new product launch on average every six weeks, a continued focus on growth markets, and the expansion of our Infiniti and light commercial vehicle businesses. We will concentrate on increasing our presence in Brazil, India and Russia, as well as in the next wave of emerging markets, including the ASEAN 5-Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. Nissan is the top Japanese ca r maker in China with a 6. % market share, and China will continue to be Nissan's largest single global market into the plan. In 2012, we will have nearly doubled our production capacity, to 1. 2 million units, and we will further increase our capacity to be in line with our goal of 10% market share. With our partner Dong Feng, we will continue to invest in more products and dealers and together build our new local brand, Venucia. In North America, we will invest to expand our manufacturing capacity and retain our number-one position in Mexico, where Nissan leads the market with a 23. 1% share.In Brazil, where we have 1. 2% market share, we target a minimum of 5% market share. We will build a new plant in Brazil, with a capacity of 200,000 units as a first step. In Europe, Nissan will become the largest volume Asian brand. In Russia, we aim to increase Nissan's market share to 7% by 2016. In India, we will add five new models to be built in the new Alliance plant in Chennai, and we will continue to expand our dealer network. In ASEAN, Nissan Motor Thailand now serves as a strategic industrial base and export hub, and we are concentrating on growth in Indonesia.We are increasing the annual production capacity of our plant near Jakarta from 50,000 to 100,000 units to meet local demand. We aim to increase our share in the ASEAN 5 from 5% today to 15% by 2016. Pillar 6: Cost leadership Since we implemented the Nissan Revival Plan, we have been successful in reducing costs by 5% annually, due mainly to cross-functional monozukuri activities involving our supplier base. As our production footprint is increasingly global, we will maintain this pace by enhancing and deepening these activities in every Nissan production base across the regions, particularly in North America, China, India and Russia.By increasing the use of carry-over/carry-across parts and systems, we will further boost overall platform efficiency. Platform and product synergies will be developed with all our partners, especially in small and medium vehicle segments. And with the additional growth in volume, we expect to realize greater cost efficiency. Evaluating not only purchased parts but also logistics and in-house costs, we have set an objective to reduce the total cost by 5% each year. In Japan, we will raise our yen revenue through increased vehicle sales and reduce our yen-based costs through greater localization of parts supply to overseas plants.Enhancing our monozukuri activities in Japan and across the regions is key to our cost-reduction efforts. Through these activities, we will maintain our commitment to produce 1 million vehicles per year in Japan. Leveraging Partner Strengths Nissan's performance will be enhanced by leveraging 12 years of successful collaboration within the Renault-Nissan Alliance and its five established and productive partnerships. Through the Alliance's strategic cooperation with Daimler, Nissan will benefit from diesel engine and power train technologies, including a supply of Mercedes-Benz engines for Infiniti vehicles.With AvtoVAZ in Russia, the Alliance will take a 40% share in the Russian market, with investments in products and localized manufacturing and sourcing. Our partnership with Dong Feng is critical to our reaching 10% market share in China. With Ashok-Leyland in India, Nissan has a partner in the development and manufacture of light commercial vehicles. And with Mitsubishi, we expanded the scope of our cooperation to develop a new mini car joint venture. The Right Plan for Nissan's FutureIn the global automotive industry, Nissan leads in zero-emission mobility, we lead in many emerging markets and we lead in the number of stable, productive partnerships we have established to improve our competitive position. Going forward, our aim is to enhance our brand power, sales power and the quality of our products and services and to continue to lead the way in advancing sustainable mobility and mobility for all. This is what Nissan Power 88 is about, and we are eager to get started and to deliver the full potential of this company. Global operation StrategyNissan Motors global strategy involves its aim to become an industry leader in zero-emission vehicles and to cultivate developing markets with low-cost global cars. As part of zero-emission environmental friendly vehicles, it would be beginning with the launching of the new electric vehicles (EVs) which would be powered by advanced lithium-ion batteries to be jointly developed with electronic maker NEC Corp. The EV to be introduced will have a unique body style on an all-new vehicle platform which would be compact for the city, yet big enough to carry five adults.Importantly, it will be thoroughly usable with brisk performance and a range of 160 kms. It will have the performance of a typical 1. 6-litre petrol-engine car while recharging from a high voltage source will restore 80 per cent of the battery capacity in around 30 minutes. The c ompany with its alliance partner Renault, which holds 44% stake in it, has been developing partnerships with various governments and specialist companies to build a sustainable mobility network and create public awareness towards EVs as its preparing for marketing them on a mass scale.Various understanding has been signed with electricity companies, charging station suppliers and governments to promote the concept of zero emission mobility and provide infrastructure support, craft legislation or offer incentives such as tax relief, parking or toll rebates for EV buyers (Source: The Japan Times online, May 14, 2008). Cultivating developing markets with low-cost global cars, Nissan is globally launching its new small car on a fresh global platform.The common global platform strategy is part of Nissan's endeavour to produce a host of cars, be it hatchbacks or sedans, across five countries in which thus far India, China and Thailand have been identified as key manufacturing locations. T he new small car, touted as a replacement for the Micra, will first go into production in Thailand with shipping out key components from India and then later on the production would be from India. Planning and Management Project We set out to first help Nissan define meaningful and measurable objectives for the project.The rollout’s objectives were to: 1 Deliver a consistent Nissan brand image at all dealerships 2 implement a cost effective program that supports improvement in the business operations of Nissan and the dealer 3 continually improve the program of work being delivered 4 proactively manage each project to ensure completed schemes complied with defined standards Build a high performing team The project entailed working with and managing 600 individual teams – thousands of stakeholders including dealers, local architects, general contractors, subcontractors and materials suppliers.A central Core Team and a Programme Management Office inside Nissan headquarte rs supported Regional Project Managers in the field. We then implemented communication systems to capture learning and build a team of informed, committed stakeholders. Actively manage communications Although communication management was complex due to the geographic diversity and numerous stakeholders, actively collecting and disseminating consistent data ensured that stakeholders had the detail they needed to make quick and informed decisions, whenever the situation required.We opened a digital listening center in Chennai to listen for all the Internet chatter about Nissan or Infiniti, sorting it into categories, and allowing us to react to the real and instantaneous voice of the customer. If someone tweets something about Nissan, we’re listening, and hopefully we’ll react to that. The quicker the reaction, the more you can reinforce that the Brand is very trustful. Balance flexibility and control Due to the varying locations, codes and construction practices, Nissan ’s rebrand had to be flexible but consistent.A customised programme infrastructure incorporated the initiative into Nissan’s other business processes, significantly improving scope control – ultimately we reduced the number of change requests and variances by nearly 20 percent. Use information and innovation to reduce costs To keep the utmost control of costs we developed tools and strategies to tailor our knowledge to this specific programme. For example, an NREDI facility cost calculator was developed to provide a way for people without a cost estimating background to produce quick and reliable NREDI cost stimates, while a bespoke system was developed to capture projected and actual costs from the construction industry and individual projects. Active value engineering enabled us to reduce the cost of construction from the original prototype design by 20 percent without compromising the brand appearance, and we maintained a net construction cost at 2002 price l evels for over five years despite inflationary pressures of around 20 percent in that time. Workshops with team members also generated over 100 ideas to improve the value and quality of the programme.These insights contributed to an additional $40 million real cost savings over the life of the programme. In fiscal year 2012, the firm will introduce 15 new technologies. Examples of new technologies are as following. †¢ Multi-Sensing System which is built on the Around View Monitor image processing technology is now advanced to detect moving objects and notify the driver. †¢ Next generation XTRONIC CVT. Nissan is the recognized global leader in CVTs and this latest generation provides a fuel-economy benefit of up to 10% compared to the current model.We are introducing a large number of innovative technologies. Actively manage quality The NREDI design contained a number of complex components and new products. Through the development of benchmarking documents and active qualit y control checks we had very few issues with the facility branded products. Not to have had recalls or other serious product issues on a programme of this size and duration was an unusual accomplishment. We also developed a range of benchmarking guidance documents which rapidly educated contractors on quality standards and know-how for new products, to further mitigate quality problems.Keep a close eye on the entire supply chain A particular issue for this programme was the maintenance of a robust supply chain. We developed a three tier supply chain system, using separate contracting strategies and tools to deliver a flexible solution. The system was tested in 2009, when Nissan’s signage supplier (with a portfolio of around 200 active projects) filed for bankruptcy. Activating our contingency plan, the team worked with Nissan’s procurement and legal teams to respond to the emergency without major cost implications, delays or adverse effect on individual deals.Quality o f Products Product quality is what allows customers to drive their cars in comfort and with peace of mind over a long period. To enable real improvements in product quality, not only design phase and production phase, but also through robust partnership with suppliers, Nissan is improving its quality component by component. Nissan conducts follow-up inspections on vehicles that have been in the market for several years to gauge their durability. Reinforce both design and production to cut the number of defects occurring within three months of purchase.Upgrading design quality Cars have a vast number of parts. About 65 percent of them have zero defects in the past, and from remaining 35 percent have caused problems. Enhancing design quality before production begins is one crucial way to increase the percentage of products without problems to the maximum level. Increasing the precision of components in the design diagram raises the quality of those that go into mass production. Nissan uses a method called design review (DR) to develop higher-quality parts.During the DR process, design experts work together to review the potential risks for each parts, and devise ways to prevent problems proactively. Nissan has adopted a new DR method that allows quicker and more accurate design inspections. This has extensively expanded the DR area, and bolstered the development of more problem-free parts. Certified personnel conduct these quick DR sessions. The number of people with this certification has been gradually increasing worldwide, so we are better able to apply DR to numerous parts. Pushing production quality higherPrecision testing equipment is an integral part of the production process at every Nissan plant and production line. Digital technology, such as laser measurement, is used to verify precision assembly and paint condition, which are then evaluated through road testing. Our environmental test chambers can accurately reproduce subtle regional differences in t emperature extremes of and road conditions. This enables us to scrupulously safeguard against problems flowing out of the factory. To produce problem-free parts, we carry out inspections at the design diagram stage.So that we never overlook even the slightest vibration, every parts used in every model undergoes immediate testing. The Weatherproof vibrator can be calibrated to simulate various temperature and road surface conditions. By testing here, we can proactively prevent road noise and other problems different driving environments can create. Cutting the defect rate with these preferred suppliers Nissan's network of parts suppliers is expanding throughout the world. To ensure that we always receive quality parts from them, we apply rankings to each supplier and deal only with the ones that maintain a certain ranking.Nissan is working with these preferred suppliers to cut the defect rate. * How Nissan ensures quality assurance together with our suppliers. Using rapid response to cut the breakdown ratio A breakdown is a malfunction serious enough to persuade the driver to stop and call for road service assistance. In many cases the car cannot be driven at all. In other instances, the car may be drivable but doing so would be unwise, such as having a window that will not close properly when the weather is extremely cold. The breakdown ratio in Japan is low, and it is also declining worldwide.In Europe, however, where many people drive for long distances or keep cars for a long time, breakdowns are a serious problem. In 2008, Nissan set up Shift Quality Teams in Germany, France, the U. K. , Spain and Russia to monitor these breakdowns. Within twenty minutes of receiving a report of a breakdown, the Nissan team in the country is dispatched to the site to deal with the problem. The causes and remedies of breakdowns that occur in Europe are immediately incorporated into Nissan car designs worldwide, further reducing the breakdown ratio of Nissan vehicles.Quick r esponse has cut the countermeasure time for defect parts. When a Nissan customer's car has to undergo repairs or needs parts replaced, we probe the cause to prevent similar problems. In addition to using improved parts at the factory, we also have to supply the market with replacement parts. We established a system to radically reduce the time from preparing the defect parts to collecing them. Even when the defect rate is low or the causes are difficult to probe, this allows us to resolve problems at an early stage.Nissan's Field Quality Centers operate flat-out to deal with the following: * Defects that occur within three months after a car is purchased * Defect ratio of components obtained from suppliers * Breakdown ratio * The time between when a defect occurs in the field until replacement parts are developed. The above all have one thing in common: they are handled by our Field Quality Centers (FQCs). Three of these centers were established in 2007 in Japan, the U. S. and Europ e to respond more rapidly to problems occurring in the field, and FQCs are expanding more and more In other regions.Defect parts are collected from the market quickly and in quantities as large as possible. Nissan design and production staff work with representatives from our suppliers to probe the cause of the problems and come up with solutions. We plan to expand this type of joint analysis into defect parts. * Field Quality Centers-the mecca of quality improvement At a Field Quality Center, Nissan design and production staff and supplier representatives investigate the cause together and work out countermeasures. Just in Time (JIT)There are 3 principles of JIT systems that involve a manufacturing process, which are waste minimization and elimination, total quality control and involvement of people. Under this concept, Nissan decided implement a new system to fabric the products (in this case vehicles) in a plant in Smyrna, TN. This system was designed to synchronize output, estab lish a standardized work pace and monitor equipment conditions while continuously storing production data because Nissan had as main objective synchronizing flow, JIT manufacturing and optimizing production.With a just-in-time approach, specific vehicles and their components are produced just-in-time to meet the demand for them. Sub-assemblies move into the final assembly plant just as final assemblers are ready to work on them, components arrive just in time to be installed, and so on. In this way, the amount of cash tied up in stocks and in work-in-progress is kept to a minimum, as is the amount of space devoted to costly warehousing rather than to revenue-generating production. Nissan's just-in-time process depends not on human frailty but on machine precision. Every vehicle is monitored automatically throughout each stage of production.A transponder attached to the chassis leg contains all of a vehicle's production data e. g. its required colour, specification and trim. This tri ggers sensors at various points along the production line thus updating the records. When, for example, the transponder sends a message to the production system at a supplying company to produce a seat in a particular colour and trim, this triggers the relevant response and a seat to the required specification is produced. Further along the production line the specifically produced seat arrives to meet the vehicle to which it belongs – just in time.Supply Chain Design and Control Supply Chain is highly dynamic department that deals with complex supply chains and responds to volatile demand patterns. The role of SCM is key for Nissan in securing supply to support demand, and ensuring we can deliver on our aim of having the â€Å"RIGHT car, at the RIGHT time, in the RIGHT place† for every customer†¦ and of course, â€Å"at the RIGHT cost†. SCM sits in between Manufacturing and Sales, and plays a pivotal role in balancing the often-conflicting drivers of Suppl y and Demand. Life in SCM is never dull.The roles include leading the supply planning for specific production sources, managing our inventory control processes, developing mid-term strategic progression of the supply chain, planning and implementing system and process developments, or dealing with the complexities of an increasingly complex parts supply chain. Nissan realized the benefits of an integrated supply chain and wanted a system to: * Reduce excess stock in the pipeline * Improve customer service by: * Reducing the lead time between placing an order for a vehicle to its delivery * Tracking an order from placement to delivery Provide direct access to manufacturing systems for dealers and distributors, enabling the provision of more accurate information Inventory control Nissan as a company that import and export products and services around the world needs to be prepared to the demand that they drive. The inventory control is a vital tool to supply the whole chain of market because it meet demand, keep operations running, lead time (such as Nissan in Smyrna, Tennessee, that maintain low levels of inventory), hedge, quantity discount, and smoothing requirements. In Nissan there are no raw materials or works in progress stored as inventory.The only inventory that is kept is finished goods. One example of this can be the inventory for cars because they take a list of all the new and used cars that are in the system is printed out while a list from the Nissan Corporation is printed out as well. Both print outs are compared and at the end, any adjustments are made in order to match the statement from the corporation means, Nissan bases its production on demand showing the company’s annual reports, and uses storages to facilitate the access to the inventory in each one of the plants of the corporation. Forecast We expect our global sales to reach 5,350,000 units, an increase of 10. %, which is another record level for Nissan. With a TIV assumption of 79,700,000 units, a 5. 3 % increase year-on-year, our global market share is expected to grow from 6. 4% to 6. 7%. During fiscal 2012, we will completely renew three of our large volume global models. The first was the new Altima which had been revealed at the New York International Auto Show in April 2012. In total, we will launch ten all-new vehicles in fiscal 2012 including the Pathfinder, Sylphy/Sentra, NV350 and a long wheelbase version of the Infiniti M sedan. In Japan, Nissan plans to sell 690,000 units in fiscal 2012, which will be increase of 5. % from fiscal 2011. Fifth generation Cima was launched in April. In China, Nissan will get 1,350,000 units sales, 8. 3% sales volume growth in fiscal 2012. In addition to all-new Sylphy and our new Chinese local brand model, Venucia D50 were launched. Another Venucia model will be launched. In North America, Nissan assume 1,520,000 units sales, 8. 3% growth of sales volume from prior year. In Europe, Nissan will plan 1. 0% sales vol ume growth with 720,000 units sales. Nissan plan to grow up significantly in other regions. 29. 6% growth, 1,070,000 units sales is planned in other regions.

The Theory Of The Doctrine Of Affections English Literature Essay

We will doubt, foremost, whether all of the things that have fallen under our senses, or which we have of all time imagined, any one ( of them ) truly exist ; in the first topographic point, because, we know by experience that the senses sometimes err and it would be imprudent to swear excessively much to what has one time deceived us ; secondly, in dreamsaˆÂ ¦we imagine countable objects which have no being.[ 1 ] In this quotation mark Descartes explains that senses are undependable and that we can non swear them for they have been proven to lie. It is interesting, so, that music is such a popular art signifier, for it depends to a great extent, and about entirely upon listening. While a full cognition and apprehension of music can non be discovered from a strictly audile attack, merely listening to music has the ability to subconsciously entice emotions within an audience. This nexus between temper and plangency grew from ancient Grecian doctrine and extended good beyond the eighteenth-century, but came to its tallness during the Baroque Period ( ca. 1570-1780 ) . The Baroque thought called the Doctrine of Affections held this thought to be true ; it was the belief which held that by doing usage of the appropriate and established musical methods of the clip, the composer could make a piece of music which was able to bring forth a peculiar and nonvoluntary emotional response within the audien ce. It was a digest of ideas and musical techniques from many composers and philosophers from age of the Enlightenment, most prevalently Rene Descartes.[ 2 ]As antecedently stated, some of the rules of this construct day of the month back centuries, to philosophers such as Aristotle, who showed that â€Å" speechmakers employed the rhetorical agencies to command and direct the emotions of their audiences.[ 3 ]â€Å" However, musically the thought came to its tallness during the age of the Enlightenment and can be seen throughout Baroque music in instrumental pieces of great composers such as Bach and Rameau, but is particularly profound in opera, due to the greater emotional stimulation caused by music and text at the same time portrayed. The Theory of the Doctrine of Affections originated with Descartes. Descartes believed that music was centered on rationalized truth ; he held that the thoughts of scientific discipline may non be favourable to the humanistic disciplines, but the apprehension of scientific discipline enhanced the art ‘s possibilities. This thought relates back to his positivist thought which was represented in the Doctrine of Affections ; that â€Å" cognition is found in constructs, rules, and Torahs, and non merely in experiences or unprocessed esthesiss.[ 4 ]â€Å" As such, by utilizing scientific enquiry to understanding the biological workings of the organic structure it was possible to achieve truth and specific truth upon these systems which could so be used within music to bestir human emotions, and therefore could increase the potency of the humanistic disciplines. But, at the same time: By utilizing empirical observationaˆÂ ¦they may come to accept some system which has logical consistence, but small relevancy to the universe in which we live.[ 5 ]â€Å" Using the thoughts of scientific observation in this manner could greatly suppress the really intent of musical look. The really basis of the Doctrine of Affections can be summed up by a positivist thought, which states that when human emotions and ideas were appropriately written within the poesy or libretto for a peculiar composing, the texts could so be enhanced with a proper musical line, in an â€Å" effort to convey rational abstractions into the kingdom of the passionate concrete.[ 6 ]â€Å" The Passions, harmonizing to Descarte: Include love, unhappiness, hatred, desire, admiration, joy, and sorrow. Passions are predicated by actions of the psyche and set into gesture by contents of the blood watercourse. The psyche is excited by the traveling passions which direct a adult male ‘s will. It is on the passions, good or evil, that life depends. Passions have an consequence on the mind, and uses the thought believed by philosophers and Biologists, that passions are found in the liquors contained in the blood watercourse.[ 7 ]â€Å" Each passion is associated with a specific physiological symptom. For illustration, the breath might speed up and the bosom round may accelerate. Descartes believed that it was possible to foretell the external emotions that would ensue from the assorted passions the music intended to elicit. His influence over composing was singular.[ 8 ]Writers that followed, such as Johann Mattheson, described the composer ‘s thought procedure towards composing as such: that the music does non show the emotion of the composer to be, for illustration, â€Å" sad and tormented † , but instead the composer ‘s effort to make a work of art which would sadden the hearers. Besides, he says that this emotional power which the music has over the hearer is non needfully externally shown, but â€Å" the emotional consequence is personal and comes from the hearer ‘s single experiences.[ 9 ]â€Å" Descartes ‘ Compendium Musicae and his Traite diethylstilbestrols passionse l'ame ( â€Å" catalogues or digests of the basic human passions †[ 10 ]) , which became popular during the Baroque period became widely studied. These publications were two of many of the age, but were the first to give instrumentalists touchable and practical waies for appropriate and affectional usage of intervals, for illustration, happy emotions tended to be represented with broad intervals, while unhappiness was represented with narrower intervals.[ 11 ]As aforementioned, the emotional reaction to the consequence which music has upon the organic structure, used in effort to direct the emotions of the audience, was peculiarly profound when used in vocal music, particularly opera, due to the text to music relationship which enhanced the expressive development. This was â€Å" a construct originally derived from Greek and Latin Doctrines on rhetoric and oratory[ 12 ]â€Å" and besides expres sed within the doctrine of the Doctrine of Affections. In each single piece, the composer would seek to elicit a peculiar type of emotion within the audience, for illustration, hatred, choler, green-eyed monster, or fury, but would merely utilize one emotion at a clip. He would utilize peculiar musical devises to lure emotion within the hearer, which would parallel the ability of text to make the same.[ 13 ]One of the most celebrated of Baroque composers was Handel. He believed that: aˆÂ ¦plainness and simpleness had the greatest consequence upon human emotion as he endeavored to compose for the voice, more in the natural tones of the human fondnesss and passions.[ 14 ]( A survey in Handelian Thought 55 ) As such, Handel composed greatly within the constructs of the Doctrine of Affections, in effort to arouse the passions and incite human emotions. Besides, music director Nicholas McGegan believes that Handel had great insight into underscoring human emotion and his characters are â€Å" perfectly human.[ 15 ]â€Å" As antecedently stated, Handel composed within the kingdom of the doctrine of the Doctrine of Affections. As such, his arias and cantatas are written in such a manner to unite the emotional context of the libretto with a musical line which would unconsciously convey about preset emotions within the audience. Three types of arias found during the Baroque period were those that depicted fury, felicity, and lost love. Harmonizing to Johann Mattheson fury is much better at utilizing all signifiers of â€Å" musical innovations † than more pleasant passions. However, it is non equal plenty to merely utilize loud kineticss and speedy beat, as this violent quality has its ain personality and requires forceful look without losing sight of the beauty of the musical line.[ 16 ]The chief devices used during a fury aria can be seen in an expanded theory of intervals explained by the Philosopher and Composer Rameau. Assuming that the basic human qualities of fury include choler, force, sor row, gravity, abrasiveness, and aggression, Rameau would reason that a fury aria would include: whole and half stairss, used to stand for choler or unhappiness due to the contraction of the organic structure ; minor tierces, falling fourths, augmented fourths, minor sixths, and major sevenths. Besides fury or choler would be seen in a fast pacing and most probably a minor key.[ 17 ]The fury arias of Handel straight follow this subject. Handel ‘s celebrated aria â€Å" Empio, diro , tu sei † from his opera Giulio Cesare is a authoritative illustration of a â€Å" Fury † aria. The first importance of this piece in footings of the Doctrine of Affections is the text: Empio, diro , tu sei: Togliti agli occhi miei Sie tutto crudelta Non e di rhenium quell cor, Che donasi Al asperity Che in sen non hour angle pieta ( I say you are a scoundrel, Remove yourself from my sight, You are cruelty itself. This is non the bosom of a male monarch That abandons itself to such abrasiveness, That contains no commiseration. ) This is Giulio Cesare ‘s ferocious Act 1 aria in which he chastises the Egyptian general, Achilla, who has merely returned to him the detached caput of the Pompeo, the baronial Roman general. This aria expresses Ceasar ‘s fury, and as such, Handel wrote it in hundred minor and in the pacing Allegro. The aria besides includes many hotfooting graduated tables, arpeggios, and uneven figures. From the really first gap line, the orchestral overture creates uneasiness and apprehension in the hearer by usage of running graduated tables, big springs, and awkward intervals ( m1- 9 ) ; this agitation is affirmed by a really strong vocal entryway by the castrato, Giulio Cesare, which begins with a falling scaler line and is followed by larger springs ( m.11 ) . . Throughout, the vocal line can be described as highly intense- incorporating extended coloratura with hotfooting graduated tables ( m14-16 ; m24-25 ; 32-34 ) , arpeggios, and drastic interval alterations would make an appre hension of fury even in a hearer who did non understand the words, for illustration, when Cesare says â€Å" Sie tutto crudelta † ( You are cruelty itself ) , the vocal line implements leaping intervals every bit good as a brief chromatic transition ( m35-37 ) Besides, throughout the piece the orchestra is peculiarly ungratified, and includes running transitions, big springs, arpeggiated figures, which besides create an edginess. All of these factors contribute to accelerating the pulse of the hearer, supplying them with an emotional relation and apprehension of Giulio Cesare, merely as if they, themselves were the ramping party. The apprehension of the text along with the utmost musical line and concomitant creates an even more graphic image of Cesare ‘s intense choler and fury and pulls the hearer even further into the emotion, raising the blood force per unit area further and therefore, physiologically doing the raging and uneasy emotion within the hearer. Among the passions was besides the emotion of joy. Mattheson held that: aˆÂ ¦joy was an enlargement of our psyche, and therefore it follows that moderately and of course that [ one ] could outdo express this affect by big and expanded intervals.[ 18 ] Harmonizing to Rameau joyous music was besides represented by great intervals, but to boot was shown with Major key and fast pacing.[ 19 ]The Air Oh! Had I Jubal ‘s lyre from the Oratorio Joshua by Handel implements these doctrines within the vocal line and orchestral concomitant. Oh, had I Jubal ‘s lyre, Or Miriam ‘s melodious voice! To sounds like his I would draw a bead on, In vocals like hers rejoice. My low strains but faintly show, How much to Heav'n and thee I owe. This is one of Handel ‘s later works, and it is based upon the scriptural narratives of Joshua. Basically, Moses and the Israelites, after being freed from Egypt are told by God that they must keep their religion to him for 40 old ages in the wilderness before being allowed into the promise land, they do non obey him and direct in undercover agents to look into out the land after two old ages. Long narrative short, Joshua and Caleb, of the younger coevals maintain their religion within God and are therefore allowed to come in the Promise land, while the nonbelievers perished in the desert. In the bible, Jubal is quoted as being â€Å" the ascendant of all who handle lyre and pipe[ 20 ]â€Å" and Miriam is the sister of Moses and Aaron who was believed to hold been a prophesier. This is a simple vocal of felicity and congratulations Sung by Achsah, the girl or Caleb. First, the piece is written in A major and in the pacing Allegro. From the gap of the piece, big and heavy inte rvals and chords are heard and a feeling of easiness and felicity is evident. When the soprano, Achsah enters, her line outlines an A major chord ( thousand 10-11 ) and continues to travel within a beautiful major cardinal country. Although in some parts of the piece there are running transitions ( m21-24 ; m41-44 ; m 46-47 ) there continues to be big intervals and major chords throughout the concomitant below. This stableness below the rapidly moving and aureate transitions allows the emotion of joy and felicity to be maintained throughout the piece. The piece begins and ends in a major key and throughout it implements big intervals and a harmonic tone. These foundations musically create a joyous emotion within the audience because they entice openness within the organic structure physiologically ; the hearer ‘s emotional reaction, hence straight parallels the plangency of the musical line and concomitant. Another of the passions outlined by Descartes included love. Within opera, a common subject of unanswered or lost love is prevailing. This absence of love, which is sought by a character, brings about an emotion which is a combination of unhappiness and hope, and abstractly creates love. On sadness Mattheson provinces: Sadness is a contraction of the elusive parts of out bodyaˆÂ ¦it is easy to see that the little and smallest intervals are most suited for this passion.[ 21 ] To make the feeling of lost love, this emotion is combined with the passion for hope. In respects to this emotion Mattheson explains: Hope is a pleasant and soothing thing: it consists of a joyful yearning which fills the spirit with certain bravery. Hence, this consequence demands the loveliest usage of voice and the sweetest combination of sounds in the universe, for which brave hankering serves as a goad as it were ; yet so that even joy is merely moderate, courage however enlivens and animates everything, which yields the best combination and amalgamation of sounds in composing.[ 22 ] This combination of the passions of unhappiness and hope can be used to understand the emotion of love. Mattheson shows this: Love is in fact basically a diffusion of the liquors.[ 23 ] Love is hence a â€Å" diffusion † or combination of joy or hope ( enlargement ) and unhappiness ( contraction ) , depending upon the type of love which is happening. For illustration new and immature love would be represented in a more joyous manner, with larger and more expansive intervals musically. However, lost or unanswered love would be represented to pull unhappiness or little intervals, but besides to lure hope, by utilizing larger and more expansive intervals which are pleasant and soothing, because the character continues maintains some hope that love will finally ensue from the unhappiness and loss, therefore musically pulling the hearers into their melancholy but optimistic emotion. The doctrines of the Doctrine of Affections can once more be seen in the aria O Sleep, why dost 1000 go forth me? from the opera Semele by Handel. O slumber, O slumber, why dost 1000 go forth me? Why doust 1000 go forth me? Why thy airy joys take? O slumber, O slumber, O slumber once more deceive me, O slumber once more devieve me, To my weaponries reconstruct my wand'ring love, My wand'ring love, Restore my wand'ring love, Again deceive me, O slumber, To my weaponries, reconstruct my wand'ring love. The secret plan line of the opera is basically therefore: Semele is in love with Jupiter, but is about to Marry a adult male called Cadmus at the temple of Juno. Before the ceremonial, nevertheless, Semele is snatched from the temple and taken to the celestial spheres where Jupiter builds her a expansive castle. Juno is angered by this and asks the God of slumber, Somnus, to assist her in her retaliation. In this aria Semele has been deprived of slumber, and therefore, deprived of her dreams of her lover who can non be with her. The piece is written in a major key, but in the pacing largo. This, from the first chord of the piano, shows the analogue between felicity and unhappiness that are present during lost love, the emotion of hope can be seen in the big interval leaps in the left manus of the piano concomitant ( m1-4 ) Semele ‘s first phrase is really quiet, slow and insistent ; it uses a beautiful scalar line of 2nd intervals to demo her torment for the loss of her lover w ithin dreams. Underneath her beautiful line is a likewise running form within the piano, which is characterized with some springs to convey about a little feeling of hope and felicity ( thousand 8 in both custodies ; m 9 in both custodies ; m11-end in the arpegiated left manus ) The unhappiness comes to a tallness on the 2nd page when there is a long running transition upon the word â€Å" wand'ring, † ( m 17-18 ) , but hope is seen in the stoping of the piece with the interval leaps upon the word â€Å" restore, † coming to the climatic and attractively quiet G crisp, before desending once more into unhappiness ( m24-25 ) .

Co-Evolution of Innovation Policy in Demark Term Paper

Co-Evolution of Innovation Policy in Demark - Term Paper Example Modern researchers who have tried to understand the correlation between Denmark’s innovation policy and industrial structure have come to conclude that a very central part of that country’s innovation policy has depended on the technology perspective of innovation. In this paper, the various roles that technology has played as an innovative tool and policy for Denmark shall be discussed. In doing this, various ways that the industrial structure and system of Denmark can management technology shall also be discussed. This means that the co-evolution of innovation policy and industrial structure in Denmark shall be taken from a technology perspective with technology management as the focus. When discussing the economic growth of nations and the input of their industrial and institutional sectors towards such economic growth, researchers always try to find a middle ground where the various challenges, changes, and improvements in the industrial and institutional sectors are measured with. This is done because industrial and institutional transformation does not happen in a vacuum or in isolation (quote). The middle grounding factor that is often linked up with; or otherwise attributed to the industrial transformation is what is referred to as co-evolution (quote). In the Danish case study of her industrial structure and institutional systems, therefore, the middle grounds that could be pointed to is the innovation policy. Most often than not, the term, co-evolution is used because the changes occur concurrently. In this scenario, therefore, we could be talking about innovation policies that went on just at the time Denmark was experiencing industrial structure transforma tion and institutional system changes. The need to always find a middle ground or a coordinated system is because such systems help in the monitoring process.  

Humor, Satire, Irony, and Parody Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humor, Satire, Irony, and Parody - Essay Example Z.† by M. Carl Holman, â€Å"A Visit from St. Sigmund† by K.J. Kennedy, and â€Å"AD† Kenneth Fearing. The sources will be identified first, then genre and themes will be discussed with that source. â€Å"Will and Grace† is first and foremost a drama. Since it involves actors it is a drama. Drama means to do in Greek, so some action must be taking place in a drama. In this particular episode, Will hurts his leg and becomes addicted to pills. While serious, some humor is involved in this particular episode. An example is when Will finds a tic tac instead of a pain killer. Irony was also be used in this episode. One example is when Grace exclaims â€Å"Crack whores are sneaky!† She does not mean Will is a crack whore, but is acting like one. Drama is mixed with irony and humor in this â€Å"Will and Grace† episode. This episode explains in a light way how a person can become addicted without even realizing it. â€Å"A Visit from St. Sigmund† by K.J. Kennedy is a parody and full of satire. This is formed in a poetry form. Taking the form of â€Å"A Night Before Christmas† this author chooses to attack Sigmund Freud and his psychotherapy. Parodies attack things the authors do not approve. Obviously in this poem, Kennedy does not approve of Sigmund Freud and his theories. Throughout the poem, psychology terms are used loosely. â€Å"Not an Ego was stirring, not even an Id,† or He drove a wheeled couch pulled by five fat psychoses† use Freud’s terms like Id, Ego, and psychoses with almost scorn. The line â€Å"And Mamma with her bar off and I on her lap† is a direct slap at Freud’s Oedipus complex. Kennedy mocks Freud in a blatant attempt to discredit him with parody. The satire is used in all of the above because the human vices Freud is trying to cure seems to be dismissed by Kennedy. â€Å"AD† by Kenneth Fearing is a poem that uses irony. This is a poem that was written during the

Analyse and critically discuss the statement below Essay

Analyse and critically discuss the statement below - Essay Example ch as GE, Apple and others use these terms and their associated theoretical underpinnings to gain competitive advantages and their example becomes important while we try to understand the connection between theory and practice. For instance, when it comes to creating a purpose or strategy for an organization, GE uses the vision of the company to guide itself in where it wants to be over a given period of time. No company in the world across any industry in any location is as well respected as GE (Demos, 2006). Throughout its existence, and more recently in the last few years, analysts from the fields of management, human resources and organisational studies have all given their respects to GE (Fisher, 2006). A large part of this respect comes from the way GE handles its human resources of which examples have been given by those who have been a part of GE as well as those who have observed it from afar. In essence, the handling of human resources at GE is deeply linked with their idea of the mission and vision of the company. In theory, the functionalist paradigm of human resource management connects greatly with the idea of rationality and thus rewards as well as punishments become a rational method for ensuring continual behaviour of one type or another. Consequentially, these are an intrinsic part of the management system at GE (Kerr, 1996). Welch (2005) reports that, â€Å"We publicly rewarded people who drove the mission and let go of people who couldn’t deal with it for whatever reason (Welch, 2005, Pg. 16)†. The idea of publicly rewarding top performers ensures that those who see it happen know why some individuals are being rewarded more than others. On a simpler level, the individuals who were rewarded would have a harder time in leaving the company and their strategic relationship with the company would evolve and be strengthened (Henry, 2006). Therefore, rationality and rewards go hand in hand with the theory and strategy behind human resource

Reflecting on Education Essay Example Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflecting on Education Example - Essay Example I too have had my share of ups and downs. I can vividly recall the joyful yet somber periods in my life which have left a deep impression. We, a family of six, moved into this town from Mexico and lived in a two-bed roomed home located in a very low income neighborhood. My first school, the elementary school was a bit run down but conveniently located only a block away. The learning process started from here itself. Since my first language was Spanish it was difficult to balance and understand the English that I was learning at school. What made it even more difficult was the fact that my parents did not know any English so I could not go to them for help. Beginning with kindergarten I remember listening to the teacher very intensely but not being able to identify nor comprehend even simple hand gestures that other students could understand. I always thought it was normal to share books and other materials for school. At the elementary school I was diagnosed with a speech impediment along with stuttering, which they attributed to the Spanish that was spoken in my family household. After the diagnosis I was asked to spend about a half an hour each day with a teacher in the special education department.

How to address the pain points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How to address the pain points - Essay Example This therefore means that they never worked in reference to the mission of the Company. This misunderstanding therefore led to the poor performance. Working when as a team raises the team spirit thereby leading to the increase in productivity (Eugene 2000). Another better way of improving the productivity of the team is by the delegation of duties appropriately in the team. The leaders are then appointed from the members. Through this, there will be an improved effective way of communication within the team. Poor communication is a major cause of business failure. it is therefore important to highlight that through roper communication, the team will always be punctual to whichever job they are called upon to do. Communication is a very crucial factor in any business institution; it also enhances readiness for the members. This in the long run is for the better of the Company in regards to productivity (Eugene 2000).. Another important way for the improvement of the company’s productivity is by making arrangements in advance, proper accounting and record keeping. A company that has well kept records makes finds it easier in doing counter checking on the progress of its progress (Eugene 2000). It is therefore important for the IncredibleApps Company to develop better ways of communicating with the employees. Proper planning is too ideal for the company as well as effective supervision of the workers by the

HRM and Collective Bargaining Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words - 1

HRM and Collective Bargaining - Assignment Example A recommendation would be to employ distributive bargaining for better results. Â  The following is an integrative report on the role of the human resources function in terms of negotiating with labor unions. The report will delve into management relations with unions, and how these relationships are likely to be affected if either the union or management take a rigid stand during collective bargaining negotiations, and not exercise flexibility. The report will also look into such factors as health and safety regulations, misconduct, payroll, minimum wage, and others, to establish arguments and issues from either side and will attempt to culminate all these factors to come up with meaningful conclusions and/or provide future recommendations. Â  Where possible, the report will endeavor to provide examples of real organizational cases to strengthen relevant arguments. The report will make use of extensive established literature in the subject area to gain and provide theoretical input towards its discussions. Â  Employment relationship is protected by two different types of regulations namely legal and voluntary regulations (Willey, 2003), where legal regulations refer to standardised laws passed by the government like processes for dealing with complaints about infringement of legal rights; and the provision of solutions; whereas voluntary regulations refer to the additional discretion employers have, in compliance with legal regulations, in determining pay and employment conditions and the procedures followed; use of grievance procedures; disciplinary procedures; the roles of consultation and collective bargaining; and the involvement of third parties to the regulation of employment relations (Willey, 2003; Newell and Scarbrough, 2002).

Adolescence and Adulthood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolescence and Adulthood - Essay Example This and several other changes like this were quite expected because these changes do appear in the onset of puberty in males. Though, one of the changes was quite displeasing and I wondered if it so happened with every male child my age. I began to grow my chest and the areola peaked up until they began to peep out through my T shirts. The condition was extremely embarrassing and it made me suffer a lot, particularly in the school when I used to be among my friends. They would point fingers at me and call me â€Å"fag†. They did not realize that I had not voluntarily grown my breast and that there was nothing I could do to make it look any better. In order to escape the embarrassment, I would put on three vests under my T shirt, so that the overall look would be quite flabby and the nipples would not be able to define themselves as a separate entity among other body features. In addition to that, I would try not to make too much public appearance. I stopped going out to the p layground in the breaks, and would spend the whole day sitting in my chair. I became very shy, nervous, and conscious about the way I looked. 2. What peer pressure did you face? Having acquired gynecomastia, I had to face a lot of peer pressure. They made fun of me. They used to point fingers at my chest and would often, squeeze my nipple while walking past me.

Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Code of Ethics - Essay Example Normally, individuals and institutions develop codes of ethics for their personal and professional lives to promote harmonious and acceptable behavior within their respective environments. Although a number of approaches to developing codes of ethics are available, the underpinning rule demands all standards of ethics to ensure clarity and objectivity in the values and principles, plainly indicating the implementation and monitoring plan, and a plan for periodical ethical auditing. Statement of Values For an individual or organization to succeed in personal or professional world, there is need to put in place a concrete statement that determines the values and principles that party cherishes. These values include personal integrity, responsibility, honesty, excellence, and respect. These values have proved to be effective as far as both personal and career advancements are concerned (Hatcher & Aragon, 2000). 1. Personal integrity – one needs to engage in constructive behavior that has the benefit of enhancing individual or organization’s image. In order to ensure personal integrity, an individual should always build their reputation and avoid any behavior that questions one’s credibility. 2. ... This means always aiming for the best quality in productivity and output in school or professional lifestyle in accordance to the prevailing evaluation criteria. Since this is a continuous process, a person can undergo continuous process of perfection, as there is no limit to this principle. 5. Respect – it implies obey prevailing regulations, all stakeholders, and third parties. By being respectful at all times, one earns respect and integrity that in turn that helps in boosting their ethical perception. Through responsible upbringing, most parents have been able to instill these crucial values into the systems of their young ones through constant guidance and correction. This forms the basis of ethical development as high ethical values and good morals begin from as early as during the childhood years of a given person. Individuals can acquire ethical principles from learning activities at school or while attending religious teachings where they inculcate a myriad of moral teachings that over the years form their ethical standards. Various approaches through which parents, mentors, teachers, role models, and guardians impart the ethical values exist with the one commonly used by parents at home being the end-based approach. This method involves evaluation the benefits or otherwise consequences of a particular course of to the family members or the public. Through understanding the consequences, individuals especially the children can reconsider their actions thereby shaping their own ethical principles (Hatcher & Aragon, 2000). While at school or in religious meetings, the teachers employed the rule-based approach that contemplates the evaluation of the motive of n action. In this case, a particular course of action was morally wrong or right depending on its

Business Strategy of Ryan Air Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Strategy of Ryan Air - Case Study Example An Irish airline – it has its headquarters in Dublin and its biggest operational base is London Stansted Airport in UK. Ryanair has profited immensely due to the deregulation of the air industry in Europe in 1997and has undergone rapid growth to become on of the leading names in the industry. But its rapid expansion has been characterized by the numerous controversies and complaints about its functioning. In October 2006, Ryanair was voted the world's most disliked airline in a survey by the TripAdvisor website, and in November 2006, it was revealed as the subject of more complaints than any other airline in the EU. (Irish Examiner, 2006-11-28) But this aside, it has evolved into one of the most profitable low-cost airlines in the world. EasyJet, Monarch Airlines, Centralwings, Air Berlin etc. are the main low-cost competitors for Ryan Air. BUSINESS STRATEGY Business strategy or the long-term business plan is typically characterized by major resource issues or their allocations in an organization. there are two main categories of strategies that are usually followed by the companies ---- the Generic (general) strategies, and Competitive strategies. Some of the generic strategies are: a. Growth or the expansion of the company by purchasing new assets or developing new products. b. Globalization – Going international that is -- moving operations into more countries – becoming multinational companies. c. Retrenchment --- This is typically characterized by focusing on the core business by cutting down on ancillary plans. And some examples of Competitive strategies are : a. Lowering the prices. This is useful if the company is the market leader and can benefit from the advantages of producing large volumes of output such that the lower costs can be covered by more output. And the competitors are unable to match the lowered prices. b. Differentiation - that is position the company as providing something different from the other rivals. For e.g. The aviation industry. It is divided into two main segments --The low cost airlines such as Ryanair who offer low prices and fly on short routes without providing any special services and the high priced airlines such as British Airways that concentrate on differentiation. They offer better services to passengers such as more legroom, in flight entertainment, and more individualized attention. (Grassley, 2002) CURRENT STRATEGY OF RYANAIRAs per the official website of Ryanair, its main objective or mission is to become the Europe's leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. (Ryanair Website). They are looking to increase their customer base by increasing their cost-effectiveness and operational efficiencies. The key elements of Ryanair's strategy are: Low Fares, Good Customer service, Frequent flights, Low operating costs, Internet advantage, Safety and Quality maintenance, Enhanced ancillary services. Basically, Ryanair is trying to achieve economies of scale by trying to increase its number of flights and keeping its planes in the air as frequently as possible in a 24 hour period. Its competitive advantage lies in its ability to keep low fares and provide frequent flights for point-to-point short distance routes. Ryanair sells seats on a one-way basis, thereby eliminating the minimum stay

Assignment two Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two - Assignment Example The Salem village from which the witchcraft was mostly practiced happened to be causing a lot of problems to the colonists. The village was in constant rebellion with the colonists (Yarema 53). There were various political, economic and religious reasons why European groups migrated to America. Some wanted to expand their territories. Some migrated to America seeking for religious freedom while others migrated into America in search of raw materials and markets for their companies (McCullough 112). Many visitors took advantage of the fact that many natives were not united and this made their colonization process easier. Indentured servants were people who agreed to work with no pay for other people. This agreement would be entered to incase the person owed a debt to another person. The person in debt would agree to work for the other individual for a period of time in order to settle the debt. However, indentured servants had basic civil rights and were considered to be free by the law. Slaves on the hand had no basic rights and were considered to be personal property of their owners (Tomek

Modern globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern globalization - Essay Example One most important effect of globalization is power discourse. Globalization refers to the process that takes place around the globe and that creates remarkably significant effect on the position of power among the nations (Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger, 2013). This shows that the term globalization does not relate to any single concept that might be encapsulated within a definite frame at a defined point of time. It is a process with a long history. Although globalization is regarded as a recent phenomenon, several environmentalists, economists and scientists univocally claim that this process has its beginning in the distant past and it cannot be clearly predicted whether it has any definitive end. While most of the activities of the modern world are shaped under the effect of globalization, several activities are recognized as the ‘bad effects’ of this process (Sassen, 2000). After a prolonged period of time, scientists have seen signs of this process of globaliza tion to weaken in the current international economic and business scenario. These effects also cannot be determined as absolutely good or bad. It rather depends upon the way in which the term has been defined in a particular context and the level of impact that this phenomenon has cast on the performance of the sector or firm. Thus, in popular discourse, the term holds varied meanings. Hence, it is imperative to distinguish between the two types of concepts of globalization; one that is viewed as contemporary ideology of modern politics and the other that is related to as structural globalization. The current wave of globalization is the outcome of large scale interaction within dense networks of individuals and institutions around the world. International trade has increasingly become a function of global production of goods and services and their distribution (Chase-Dunn, Kawano and Brewer, 2008). Various arguments made by different economists, policy makers and environmentalists can be presented in this context. Some of these arguments support the positive impacts of globalization while others support the negative impacts of globalization. Arguments for and against globalization At present, the economic development of the global economy is highly dependent on the waves of globalization. With the beginning of the 21st century the world has moved on to a higher level of networking and interconnectivity. This is applied to all the aspects of society and economy. There has been structural reformation in the fields of technology and knowledge transfer has become more advanced (Hipsher, 2006). The fragmented dimensions of the economy in different parts of the globe of the globe get interconnected with smooth flow of technology and better networking. The different parts of the world are becoming more interconnected with one another and socially as well as economically. This structural reformation lays emphasis on the integration of diversities imbibed in the cultu re and practices of the different nations. On the other side of the coin, the process of globalization takes into account the diversities or differences in culture. Hence, it implies that this process leads to unification of the different ideas, cultures and practices among the nations. Under this process the world is considered as a single unit or economy that runs by following a uniform system. This leads to the formation of one single society. However, there are also certain drawbacks of the global integration.

Chronic and Complex Nursing Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chronic and Complex Nursing Care - Case Study Example The musculoskeletal symptoms include pain, tendonitis, joint contractures, muscle weakness and arthritis. Urogenital symptoms include an increase in bladder wall, deposition of connective tissues and proliferative vascular lesions. In women, vaginal symptoms include tightness, dyspareunia and dryness. In men, there is a reduced penile blood flow leading to erectile dysfunction (Vlachoyiannopoulos, 2009). Prevalence The distribution of SSc is worldwide affecting all races. The prevalence of scleroderma has been estimated to be between 4 and 253 cases per million persons. Its susceptibility is influenced by factors such as sex, age, environmental exposure and genetic background. Family members may be affected by other connective tissue diseases meaning that a genetic factor might be an important factor in expression of the disease. The peak incidence is normally within the third and fifth decade of life. The ratio of male to female is approximately 5:1 while annual incidence being 14.1 cases per million. The highest prevalence for SSc has been found to be in Choctaw Native Americans in Oklahoma (Vlachoyiannopoulos, 2009). Treatment Therapy is normally individualized to each patient’s needs and clinical presentation due to the heterogeneity of SSc. The treatment is done for organ specific complications including: Raynaud Phenomenon This is done using long-acting channel blockers and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are mostly used in the treatment of secondary Reynaud phenomenon. An oral endothelin-1 receptor inhibitor can be useful to the patients having recurrent ischemic ulcers (Eisenberg M.E. et al. (2008)). Scleroderma Renal Crisis Patients with systemic sclerosis are advised to regularly check their blood pressure at home. ACE inhibitors are used to control hypertension since they are essential in preserving and restoring of the renal function (Eisenberg M.E. et al. (2008)). Gastrointestinal Complications Therapies are essential in the control of gastrointestinal symptoms while preventing GERD complications. Patients with SSc and gastrical antral vascular ectasia normally require coagulation of the endoscopic laser to reduce the bleeding risks. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is normally diagnosed during the laparotomy time while bacterial overgrowth is treated by antibiotics. The mainstays of therapy for the intestinal overgrowth are the antibiotics and correction of nutritional deficiencies (Eisenberg M.E. et al. (2008)). Pulmonary complications patients having an early and progressive interstitial lung disease may benefit from oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide. Symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension is treated by oral bosentan, parenteral epoprostenol, sidenafil, inhaled iloprost and treprostinil. Continuous oxygen is also necessary for patients with hypoxemia (Eisenberg et al, 2008) Lung cancer Lung cancer refers to cancer that forms in the tissues of the lungs, mostly in the cells that are lining air passages. The main types of lung cancer are: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. These types are normally diagnosed on the basis of how the cells look under the microscope (Wender R. et al, 2013). Symptoms Lung cancer may either present with symptoms or found incidentally on the chest imaging. Symptoms of lung cancer may result from the local invasion or the compression of adjacent thoracic structure like the compression involving

The global cold war in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The global cold war in Latin America - Essay Example Another important factor that helped to protect Latin America was the defeat engineered by Fidel Castro in Cuba. It was of great importance since it helped in determining how the united states would come up with policies and how they would be implemented. The policies were concerned with mainly the social and economic welfare of the people. Furthermore, the Defeat by Fidel Castro saw the alienation of American companies in the whole Latin America. This was a drawback to the United States and as he signed pacts and treaties that benefited the economy and military of his country.Cold war in Latin ends with the end in Fidel Castro’s revolution. At the moment, the Latin America had little or no support from the neighboring nations that is Moscow and United States. Since it became an isolated place, it sized to be the strategic point after the cold war. In the end, it becomes of no value to the two countries, which implied that they attained little help in building their political and economic pillars.Rwanda, Somalia, and Yugoslavia are among the many countries that have experienced instances and situations of mass violence. Many other countries were being affected by mass violence at an alarming rate and this resulted in the emergence of support organizations such as United Nations Conventions for the prevention and punishment of the crime of Genocide.The United Nations had to take action especially after the mass violence genocide in Rwanda and the ethnic killings in Yugoslavia.

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING Essay

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE THEORY TO HELP EPLAIN OR IMPROVE A COMMUNICATION SITUATION - Essay Example These definitions are applied in attempts to understand the process of investigation and giving meaning to something. The simplest definition of communication is â€Å"sharing of information†. However, it is important to accept and perceive correctly what is shared. Some scientists define communication as an â€Å"exchange of perception†. It is a well-known fact that communication is very important not only in business but in our daily life. Its nature was thoroughly investigated by famous philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Aristotle tried to create a communication and language theory. In his work The Rhetoric the philosopher talked about persuasion, while in another creation De Interpretatione  he shares his thoughts about the connection between reason and language. The Symbolic Convergence Theory, created by Ernest Bormann, offers a general interpretation of communication between people. The creator calls his theory "social scientific research in its goal of providing generalizations that hold for a large domain of communication" (Bormann, 1982). This theory offers a technique of people communication in a small group. The given paper is designed to explain and interpret the Symbolic Convergence theory. The Symbolic Convergence Theory is founded on the suggestion that individuals of one group should interchange visions with the purpose of making their group more united. These kinds of visions should disclose feeling. Once interchanging a vision within a collective, it develops a figurative union. This will improve the communication inside the group and its efficiency. A person can share any information, he can tell about his impressions, his taste, the food or beverage he likes. According to Antoine, Althouse, and Ball (2005), Symbolic Convergence Theory "underscores the human tendency to share dramatized narratives, which leads to the potential for persuasion" (Antoine, Althouse, and Ball,